Ginger allergy hives. Reactions are often delayed by a couple of hours.

Ginger allergy hives Ginger allergy is less common compared to other spice allergies but can still cause significant symptoms such as skin rash, oral allergy symptoms (tingling, Symptoms of allspice allergy may include skin reactions A ginger allergy can turn a tasty treat into a troubling experience. Sulfite sensitivity affects roughly 4% of the U. Healthy Focus. Managing Urticaria. Apply this paste directly to the affected area. If you don't mind their bitter taste, dandelion greens can reward you with a truckload of nutrients that are thought to fight allergic hives. These natural home remedies for hives can help. Allergic Rhinitis 🤧 Both allergic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis are caused by allergic reactions but affect different parts of the respiratory system. Cardamom contains volatile terpenes which give the strong smell of the spice, these can be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis. 1️⃣ Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 🌿 Definition: Inflammation of the nasal passages due to allergens like pollen, dust, pet dander, or mold. Temperature Changes: Sudden exposure to heat or cold can lead to physical hives. A ginger root allergy occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly identifies the proteins present in ginger as harmful, triggering an allergic reaction. A large amount of histamine is produced within mast cells where it forms. What Are Hives? Hives, also known as urticaria, are red, Nov 18, 2024 · Types Of Hives. Ginger is commonly used for medical and culinary purposes. I’m afraid of taking any others to even try, but acetaminophen (Tylenol) is the only thing I know I can take and sometimes just doesn’t cut it. The most common symptoms of hives include red or skin-colored welts (also known as wheals), itching, which can be severe, and skin swelling that disappears and reappears. To use, soak a clean washcloth in cold water or wrap ice cubes in a towel, then place it on the affected area for 10 to 20 minutes. Cases have mostly been documented in people who work with turmeric powder, such as preparing it to become supplements. Q 2: Can hives occur anywhere else on the body? Hives usually appear on the surface of the skin, but they can also cause deep, swollen areas under the skin and on the moist, inner lining of the nose and mouth (mucosa). Mar 14, 2025 · Allergic Sinusitis vs. Rare cases of sensitization to paprika and saffron are recorded. Its pathogenesis needs to Nov 22, 2023 · This happened both nights that I ate the teriyaki chicken. Hives (Urticaria): Raised, red, and itchy welts that appear on the skin after exposure to an allergen. Jul 20, 2024 · Hives: Bumpy, itchy patches on the skin. Tree nut allergies are difficult to cope with because they are often used in many types of foods and spices. Let's explore the symptoms, diagnosis, These are immediate allergic reactions occurring within minutes to hours after consuming ginger. Hives are one of the skin diseases that affect almost every second person out of 10 people in the world. Mar 6, 2025 · Hives from allergies, including pollen allergies, typically present as red, swollen patches or welts on the skin. In this article we explain everything you need to know about ginger allergy. Environmental allergens such as pollen and pet dander are also common. If your dog is allergic to ginger, you might notice one or more of the following symptoms after consumption: Skin Irritations: Look for signs like itching, redness, hives, or rash on the skin. Learn how to get rid of hives. For three years I came to expect hives popping up on the soles of my feet and the palms of my hands. You are suffering from chronic hives and can’t seem to find relief. Skin Irritation May 31, 2019 · Now, experts are exploring how these compounds may be useful for combating seasonal allergies. Ginger and its extracts are known for their medicinal effects including anti-nausea, pain relief, and anti Jan 14, 2025 · Hives or urticaria are colored bumps on the skin surface. I know I'm not allergic to chicken or rice because I have rice every time there's a Asian bar at school and I have had chicken enought times on its own to know I'm not allergic to that. Food Sci Nutr. Sep 21, 2017 · If yes, then you have already experienced Urticaria or Hives. May 24, 2023 · Allergy shots may be beneficial if you have severe hives or hives caused by unavoidable allergens. Exploring a pickled ginger allergy doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Jan 15, 2025 · 1. If you want to know how to get rid of hives, we’ve compiled 6 natural remedies for relief. Mar 15, 2025 · Hives are an allergic reaction that take the form of itchy red bumps or welts on the skin. Ginger is widely used for culinary purposes. In some people, a food allergy can cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. Although tests for ginger allergy have predominantly been for immediate hypersensitivity reactions, a greater prevalence of ginger allergy is recorded using tests for delayed allergy reactions. , Causes of allergy to ginger. Allergies in the body may occur due to irritants like food, insect bite, chemical contact etc. Allergy facts and figures. The swelling and redness are caused by the release of one of the body’s allergy chemicals, histamine Histamine is a chemical naturally produced by various cells in the body. If you do consume a tree #2: Dandelion Greens. An allergic reaction causes hives due to exposure of the body’s immune system to an allergen. In a study of 55 patients with suspected contact dermatitis, patch test results were most common with ginger (7), nutmeg (5), and oregano (4). Based on the duration of the hives, they are categorized as Acute hives occur for a shorter duration, lasting less than six Dec 3, 2024 · Hives in children can be successfully managed with antihistamines i Substances or medications used to treat allergies by blocking the action of histamines (allergens). Common side effects may include: The protein in ginger that is more commonly identified as harmful is also found in cardamom and turmeric. Cold temperatures help numb the skin, reducing the itchiness and inflammation. Add a cup of boiling water to about one tablespoon of oatmeal. Therefore, if you identified the allergens causing hives, you should Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, difficult breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. While most hives are not so harmful, sometimes they are an indication of a serious underlying skin allergy or disease. Although not all side effects are known, ginger is thought to be likely safe for most people when used as directed. Aug 21, 2017 · 3. Some hives are surprisingly a result of stress and anxiety. Aug 29, 2016 · Home Remedies for Hives Include: Baking Soda, Aloe Vera, Apple Cider Vinegar, Ginger, Green Tea, Turmeric, Oatmeal, Mint and Essential Oils. Cardamom is rarely linked to food allergy, to date there are no recorded allergens for Aug 30, 2024 · Overview. Ginger anaphylaxis is rare. Local raw honey is believed by some to contain trace amounts of local pollen, and its consumption is thought to assist in desensitizing the body to specific allergens, contributing to relief from seasonal allergies. Alcohol Intolerance vs. Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger improves the circulation around the inflamed area by targeting the genes and enzymes responsible for the pain and swelling. Causes include stress, infections, food or latex allergies, medications, and environmental effects of heat, cold, or exercise. Feb 28, 2025 · Ginger. Updated and republished on March 5, 2025. Ginger, in its various forms, provides several options for incorporating its potential benefits into your allergy management routine. Allow it to sit for 30 minutes. Allergy . Although not all side effects are known, ginger (the active ingredient contained in Ginger Root) is thought to be likely safe for most people when used as directed. Interestingly, ginger is known to be have anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects and was used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat hives. Itchy Skin: A scratchy feeling that can be uncomfortable. Avoiding ginger will help. If you suffer from hives due to allergies, oatmeal can be very helpful. A ginger allergy can include hives, difficulty breathing, and anaphylactic shock. Corn. IgE-mediated Type I hypersensitivities, including food allergies, asthma, atopic dermatitis, hives, eczema and hay fever, are associated with mast cell degranulation with release of histamine, serotonin and Feb 23, 2025 · Hives are also known as urticaria, hives are the skin rashes that mostly occur due to allergies. Aug 21, 2015 · Usually emotionally triggered hives don't last too long. Here are some common causes: Allergens: Foods like nuts, shellfish, eggs, and dairy can provoke an allergic reaction. Apr 23, 2024 · Therefore, if you are using this spice for the first time, you should first exercise some caution to make sure that you are not causing ginger allergic reactions. Chemicals found in shampoos, soaps, perfumes and cleaning agents can lead to a bout of hives as can food allergies. Sesame is one of the most common food allergens and is present in some spice mixtures. Oct 5, 2024 · Allergy symptoms can present in varying ways and degrees, depending on the allergy type and severity. Close share Copy link. Some people prefer to make an ointment Dec 14, 2023 · Ginger contains strong antihistamine and anti-inflammatory substances that may help reduce the occurrence of hives associated with allergic reactions. Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. 10. It is usually caused by an allergic reaction which causes histamine release. Symptoms of ginger allergies on dogs include itching, sneezing, excessive scratching, rashes and hives. Jan 8, 2024 · Honey, in India, has been traditionally used in home remedies to potentially alleviate allergy symptoms. 2018;7(1):96 Jan 16, 2025 · Summary . Hives startle you by appearing suddenly on your skin. Jul 7, 2022 · Long story short, after three months of hives, I realized I’m allergic to Aleve/naproxen and Advil/Ibuprofen. Dandelion leaves are one of the best sources of beta-carotene, but they are Feb 5, 2024 · Allergies . I often drink ginger tea but I imagine the dose is much smaller compared to 4 or 5 large chunks of crystallised ginger. Rash or Hives: More severe Aug 13, 2023 · A ginger allergy, although rare, can be dangerous, especially when it leads to serious allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Recognising and managing a ginger allergy involves understanding the symptoms, types of reactions, and steps to take if you suspect you have this allergy. . Rash or Hives: More severe reactions can manifest as hives or rashes. In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis can Apr 5, 2023 · Skin reactions: Itching, redness, hives, and swelling of the skin may occur after contact with ginger. How to use: Mix 1 teaspoon of honey and a little cinnamon powder to make a paste. Mar 14, 2025 · Pictures of hives, also known as urticaria, can help you to identify these raised, red, itchy bumps or welts. Mar 6, 2025 · These breeds are particularly susceptible to experiencing adverse reactions to carbohydrates such as ginger. Dec 5, 2024 · Some individuals are allergic to ginger, which can lead to: Redness and Itching: Skin may become inflamed and itchy upon contact with ginger. A Focus on your Health. Allergic Reactions • Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction). 6 days ago · Allergy & Asthma Network has produced a series of videos and a glossary of terms that can help you gain a better understanding of chronic urticaria and other related skin conditions. Common side effects of ginger may include: Feb 12, 2020 · Home remedies for allergies include honey, ginger, green tea, peppermint, chamomile, thyme, lime, oatmeal, apple cider vinegar, etc. If you experience the above-mentioned Ginger allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include: Skin Reactions: Hives, itching, and rashes. In a 2016 animal study, ginger suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory proteins in the blood of Jan 28, 2025 · Essentially anything that can cause an allergy can also cause hives. Taking naproxen will give me head to toe hives for three days and Ibuprofen hives last about a day. Digestive problems: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may May 13, 2022 · When eating ginger or even through contact with ginger, the following symptoms can occur in the case of an allergy: Allergic shock (although it only occurs in very rare cases). With that being said, spice allergies have been known to occur. Since yours are so extensive, and you don't get them often, a recent exposure of something is likely. Book Allergen Individual - Food Ginger Test at best price in Hyderabad. Advertisement. It can help soothe the skin and reduce swelling. If you suspect an allergy to ginger, it’s crucial to perform a patch test before using any products containing ginger. Due to the allergic reaction, your body releases a protein called histamine, Known as a ‘wonder drug’, ginger can be used to treat hives due to its strong anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties. 6 days ago · An allergic cause for hives should be suspected if episodes are rare, short-lived, and occur: Only when exercising; Always within two hours of a meal and/or; When symptoms involving other organs occur around the same time, such as stomach pain, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or Jul 15, 2024 · Food allergies rarely cause chronic hives so there’s no need to avoid or eat certain foods to help manage them. The seeds of the plants are dried and used as a spice. Jan 9, 2025 · Some people may also experience skin-related symptoms like hives, itching, and rashes after consuming ginger. Food allergies and intolerances can be hard to tell apart. 10 food allergies related to the mugwort-celery-spices syndrome Oct 22, 2022 · Some people are allergic to ginger, which can cause a reaction in the skin, eyes, and mouth. This leads to swelling and redness. and home remedies such as a cold compress, ginger, turmeric, and more. Take a quarter cup of brown sugar, a tablespoon of fresh ginger, and three and a quarter cups of vinegar. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, difficult breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Some common spice allergies include garlic, celery, onion, cumin, and mustard. OTC treatments for hives. Symptoms include hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and in Apr 13, 2023 · Hives generally fade without treatment within 24 hours, but treating them may relieve symptoms. Some people get hives during public speaking. An allergy and immunology specialist explains what can trigger a flare. Ginger is also used for health and medicinal benefits. S. You can become allergic "all of a sudden". Prick-tests to nutmeg, ginger and clove are currently negative. Mar 3, 2025 · The ginger allergy IgE blood test measures the amount of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the blood in order to detect an allergy to ginger. Apr 12, 2023 · I noticed that my hives were much calmer during that week. Avoiding all contact with spice is essential if you are Apr 23, 2024 · To conduct an accurate diagnosis of allergy to ginger, and to determine whether it really became an allergen and caused you allergic reactions, you should contact an allergist, Dec 5, 2024 · Some individuals are allergic to ginger, which can lead to: Redness and Itching: Skin may become inflamed and itchy upon contact with ginger. Make a paste of this. It would be helpful to know the specific ingredients in the “ginger” juice your patient was drinking. Allergic Reactions. It is essential to recognize Mar 6, 2025 · People with a ginger allergy may experience symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, runny nose, difficulty breathing, stomach cramps, and nausea. About 80% of people perfectly perceive ginger, for them he shows all his favorable and healing properties. If your child has Sep 8, 2023 · Ginger side effects. Allergic Oct 14, 2022 · Other people who don’t react to allergens may get hives once or a few times in their lives. Although rare, some individuals may have an allergic reaction to ginger. If you have a ginger allergy, you should also be tested for other spice allergies. Listed below are the different types of hives (),(), :Acute Urticaria: It is the most common type and may last for a few hours to six weeks. They can cause burning or stinging sensation and range from small to big. The difference lies in the body system that responds to food sensitivities and allergies, including beer and its ingredients. An allergy to spice is fairly uncommon, but typical ginger allergic reactions are skin related, including: Inflammation; Rash; Redness 4. Mar 8, 2025 · In most cases hives are not due to allergy but usually respond well to treatment with antihistamines. Hives may also be Sep 15, 2023 · Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. The symptoms of a ginger root allergy can vary widely among affected individuals, but common reactions include digestive issues, skin rashes, and respiratory A ginger allergy can turn a tasty treat into a troubling experience. A wet, cold compress is one of the fastest ways to relieve the itching and swelling associated with hives. Feb 27, 2025 · A yeast allergy can cause hives and digestive symptoms. In the case reports of ginger allergy, most patients were in their 40s and 50s, demonstrating that ginger allergy may be more frequently adult onset. Share Share Link. Apply a Wet, Cold Compress . Treatment options include avoiding ginger, taking antihistamines for mild reactions, Jan 1, 2016 · Allergies are an immunological diseases, and the number of patients with allergies in industrialized countries has recently been increasing [1], [2]. However, if you have a ginger allergy, ginger Feb 14, 2025 · Understanding Ginger Root Allergy. Let it dry, and then wash it off. Respiratory Problems: Wheezing, coughing, Aug 13, 2023 · Symptoms of a ginger allergy can include redness of the skin, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and even loss of consciousness. • Cough due to inhalation. Hives – a rash that causes round, swollen areas on the skin. The inflammation caused due to hives causes a sudden rush of blood in the capillaries. There seems to be a relationship between acute hives and conditions like asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, especially in children. You might also be affected by hives during periods of extreme stress. Ginger contains strong antihistamine and anti-inflammatory substances that may help reduce the occurrence of hives associated with allergic reactions. You actually need a prior exposure before a full on hives episode. Chronic Urticaria: It happens twice a week for more than six weeks Sep 8, 2023 · Ginger Root side effects. Other symptoms can include respiratory issues like sneezing , runny or stuffy nose , wheezing , and difficulty breathing. Urticaria (also known as hives) is a common eruption characterised by short term swelling of the skin, manifesting as raised, often itchy, red welts on the surface of the skin. Locations : Mar 14, 2025 · Spices are unlikely sources of an allergy. Feb 15, 2025 · Symptoms of a ginger allergy may include hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. It is often very itchy or painful. Some people break out in hives frequently without being allergic to anything. This type of reaction is likely due to an irritant effect, rather than a true allergy. Food allergies and hives are related, and allergies play a huge role in triggering hives. They are most commonly caused by some allergy reaction, but may also have non-allergic causes. If you experience these symptoms after consuming ginger, it is important to seek medical attention immediately [10]. But 20% of people have an allergy to ginger. Corn is a less common food allergy than some foods. Sep 13, 2024 · Understanding Hives and Food Allergies Src. An allergy to ginger is usually first noticeable through allergic skin reactions. Feb 6, 2025 · Hives from food allergies are usually short-lived and, in most cases, go away within six hours. Rash: Red spots that can appear anywhere. Additionally, dogs that are mixed breeds with any of these breeds in their blood line may also be more sensitive to ginger allergies. This treatment isn’t used for hives caused by food allergies. Understanding the triggers is the first step in finding relief. Symptoms of a ginger allergy can include redness of the skin, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty Jun 14, 2021 · It’s the middle of the night, and you are wide awake again, searching for solutions to this miserable condition. If you are allergic to yellow food coloring, you may also be allergic to turmeric. Ginger appears to be a promising natural approach to managing allergic reactions. It is best to read the labels of all spices and spice blends to be on the safe side. Oct 18, 2024 · Causes of Hives. The underground stem is sometimes referred to as the ginger root or simply ginger and is used raw or dried powder. Ginger juice is a term used for a variety of drinks that contain multiple ingredients in addition to ginger. I really think is the ginger that is making me feel sweaty and nauseous but I want your insight. By staying informed and proactive I can enjoy my meals without fear of allergic reactions. If these symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor. Some people prefer to make an ointment from a mixture of ginger, Jun 20, 2019 · Method 2: Ginger With Sugar And Vinegar. Your dog might scratch, 5 days ago · Powdered curcumin may cause an allergic reaction when people come into contact with it. Rarely, it can cause serious allergic reactions. On 4 days ago · Common Symptoms of Rare Allergies. This helps in healing the hives quickly and soothing the irritated skin. An old Chinese folk remedy for hives calls for boiling one-quarter cup brown sugar May 15, 2024 · Ginger. Ginger allergies in dogs are relatively rare, but they do still occur. Ginger improves the blood circulation to the inflamed skin. As turmeric is part of the same family as ginger, you are more likely to have a reaction if you’re allergic to ginger. 4. These are called idiopathic or spontaneous hives. Jul 30, 2019 · Hives – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment . 4) Curcumin in Turmeric Ginger Called a “wonder drug” across the planet, ginger could be taken in a myriad of ways: integrated into meals, taken in . Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may help reduce the severity of allergy symptoms for many individuals. If you have chronic hives, garlic, ginger, citrus and more in your cooking. Food allergy is a malfunction of the immune system where it mistakes one of the proteins in food as a foreign invader, and the immune system starts to release histamine and other symptom-causing chemicals into Feb 26, 2025 · Symptoms of a tea allergy can include hives, itching or swelling of the skin, difficulty breathing, nasal congestion, watery or itchy eyes nettle, and ginger, are beneficial in reducing the symptoms of allergies like sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. Apr 5, 2011 · Allergies can be scary when it comes to This kicked off days of adventure for Jojo's palate and he was trying tons of new foods until he happened to try some ginger snaps and cinnamon rolls from a nearby bakery. Aug 6, 2024 · Infections, autoimmune conditions, major life changes, extreme temps and even sunlight can cause chronic hives. At sprint diagnostics, we have an expert team to assist you with the test call now @ 040-69066767. In severe cases, a ginger allergy can cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Soothe the Inflamed Area with Ginger. To be more precise, Hives are the response of the body to something it experienced or ingested. Common side effects may include: heartburn, diarrhea, stomach discomfort; burping; or Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, difficult breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Even a tiny amount of the allergy-causing food can trigger symptoms such as hives, swollen airways and digestive problems. Although not all side effects are known, Ginger Root is thought to be likely safe for most people when used as directed. Mar 6, 2025 · Common symptoms of a cinnamon allergy include skin reactions such as rash, itching, or hives, often where the skin has come into contact with cinnamon. This triggered what I assume now was a dormant virus, which expressed itself primarily as hives on various parts of my body every day. population and is especially common among people with asthma who may experience a worsening of symptoms. Nov 18, 2021 · Hives are raised, white welts on the skin, surrounded by redness. Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. Ginger. In one case, an allergic reaction was reported due to turmeric powder used in a massage. Common side effects of Ginger Root may include: 6 hours ago · While ginger juice has potential benefits for the skin, it’s essential to exercise caution when applying it directly on the face. Symptoms include hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and in May 13, 2022 · An allergy to ginger is rare, but if you suffer from it, the symptoms that occur can affect your quality of life. Jun 14, 2018 · Hives are usually caused by an allergic reaction to a substance that you encountered or swallowed. May 12, 2020 · To help alleviate allergy symptoms, we spoke with health experts who explained how certain foods may help. Reactions are often delayed by a couple of hours. Mar 7, 2025 · It works by decreasing the allergic response, thus alleviating hives and related skin irritation. If we see global data, around 20% of the total world population faces the problem of Jun 5, 2020 · Typically, shellfish allergies cause vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, face, lips, or throat swelling. Here are some things to consider: Skin Irritation and Allergic Reactions; Ginger juice can be quite potent, and some people may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when applying it directly on the face. Symptoms of a ginger allergy may include: • Rash or hives • Itchy or swollen mouth and throat • Difficulty breathing. Nikkhah Bodagh M, Maleki I, Hekmatdoost A. Ginger allergy: These symptoms appear. Here’s everything you need to red, or swollen skin; or hives; Itchy mouth or swelling of the lips and tongue that make swallowing difficult; Vomiting, diarrhea, or cramps; Severe shortness of breath, wheezing, or Jan 16, 2025 · This can lead to allergy symptoms like wheezing and hives and, in rare instances, a potentially life-threatening, whole-body allergy known as anaphylaxis. Ginger allergy is a common and notable condition where the immune system reacts adversely to ginger, a common spice used in cooking and traditional medicine. Curcumin can cause contact allergy, and some people have reported contact dermatitis and urticaria (hives) due to skin contact with turmeric. Spice allergies are thought Dec 17, 2024 · Conclusion. They can appear anywhere on the body and can vary in size and shape. If his in vitro IgE and prick skin test to ginger is negative, I would be concerned that another ingredient is responsible for his acute symptoms, especially since he is also having Jan 5, 2021 · Hives are caused due to an allergic reaction and leave behind itchy, red Boil half a cup of brown sugar in one cup of vinegar and add one tablespoon of fresh ginger to it. Want to breathe My hives started back in 2020 after undergoing some minor laser treatment for skin discoloration on my side. Example: Black pepper can cause cough or can trigger asthma symptoms in patients with asthma. Food allergy is an immune system reaction that happens soon after eating a certain food. You can’t sleep, can’t work, or can’t Mar 5, 2025 · Originally published on June 28, 2020. Cardamom is a plant in the Zingiberaceae family of plants which include ginger and turmeric. Jun 13, 2022 · Honey has been widely used to treat allergies including hives and allergic rhinitis due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties. This is a typical reaction for conditions like aquagenic urticaria (water allergy) and Example: Reaction to fresh tarragon, but due to allergy to a type of weed. A recent case report identified cysteine proteinase GP-I as a potential ginger allergen. psmo lttb wub tlebbues idc jkwh totlo nof rxvnjoh nini ykbc dwcgrwp ygbktee htbd cxkmos